Modeling of Influenza-Specific CD8(+) T Cells during the Primary Response Indicates that the Spleen Is a Major Source of Effectors

Wu, HL; Kumar, A; Miao, HY; Holden-Wiltse, J; Mosmann, TR; Livingstone, AM; Belz, GT; Perelson, AS; Zand, MS; Topham, DJ

Author(s): Wu, HL; Kumar, A; Miao, HY; Holden-Wiltse, J; Mosmann, TR; Livingstone, AM; Belz, GT; Perelson, AS; Zand, MS; Topham, DJ;
Details: Publication Year 2011-11-01,Volume 187,Issue #9,Page 4474-4482
Journal Title: JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Publication Type: Journal Article
Abstract: The biological parameters that determine the distribution of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells during influenza infection are not all directly measurable by experimental techniques but can be inferred through mathematical modeling. Mechanistic and semi-mechanistic ordinary differential equations were developed to describe the expansion, trafficking, and disappearance of activated virus-specific CD8(+!) T cells in lymph nodes, spleens, and lungs of mice during primary influenza A infection. An intensive sampling of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells from these three compartments was used to inform the models. Rigorous statistical fitting of the models to the experimental data allowed estimation of important biological parameters. Although the draining lymph node is the first tissue in which Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells are detected, it was found that the spleen contributes the greatest number of effector CD8(+) T cells to the lung, with rates of expansion and migration that exceeded those of the draining lymph node. In addition, models that were based on the number and kinetics of professional APCs fit the data better than those based on viral load, suggesting that the immune response is limited by Ag presentation rather than the amount of virus. Modeling also suggests that loss of effector T cells from the lung is significant and time dependent, increasing toward the end of the acute response. Together, these efforts provide a better understanding of the primary CD8(+) T cell response to influenza infection, changing the view that the spleen plays a minor role in the primary immune response. The Journal of Immunology, 2011, 187: 4474-4482.
Publisher: AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
Keywords: A VIRUS-INFECTION; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATION MODELS; ADAPTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; DENDRITIC CELLS; BONE-MARROW; IN-VIVO; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE; MEASUREMENT ERROR
Publisher's Version: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1101443
Terms of Use/Rights Notice: Refer to copyright notice on published article.

Creation Date: 2011-11-01 12:00:00