Minimal requirements for actin filament disassembly revealed by structural analysis of malaria parasite actin-depolymerizing factor 1

Wong, W; Skau, CT; Marapana, DS; Hanssen, E; Taylor, NL; Riglar, DT; Zuccala, ES; Angrisano, F; Lewis, H; Catimel, B; Clarke, OB; Kershaw, NJ; Perugini, MA; Kovar, DR; Gulbis, JM; Baum, J

Author(s): Wong, W; Skau, CT; Marapana, DS; Hanssen, E; Taylor, NL; Riglar, DT; Zuccala, ES; Angrisano, F; Lewis, H; Catimel, B; Clarke, OB; Kershaw, NJ; Perugini, MA; Kovar, DR; Gulbis, JM; Baum, J;
Details: Publication Year 2011-06-14,Volume 108,Issue #24,Page 9869-9874
Journal Title: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Publication Type: Journal Article
Abstract: Malaria parasite cell motility is a process that is dependent on the dynamic turnover of parasite-derived actin filaments. Despite its central role, actin's polymerization state is controlled by a set of identifiable regulators that is markedly reduced compared with those of other eukaryotic cells. In Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent species that affects humans, this minimal repertoire includes two members of the actin-depolymerizing factor/cofilin (AC) family of proteins, P. falciparum actin-depolymerizing factor 1 (PfADF1) and P. falciparum actin-depolymerizing factor 2. This essential class of actin regulator is involved in the control of filament dynamics at multiple levels, from monomer binding through to filament depolymerization and severing. Previous biochemical analyses have suggested that PfADF1 sequesters monomeric actin but, unlike most eukaryotic counterparts, has limited potential to bind or depolymerize filaments. The molecular basis for these unusual properties and implications for parasite cell motility have not been established. Here we present the crystal structure of an apicomplexan AC protein, PfADF1. We show that PfADF1 lacks critical residues previously implicated as essential for AC-mediated actin filament binding and disassembly, having a substantially reduced filament-binding loop and C-terminal alpha 4 helix. Despite this divergence in structure, we demonstrate that PfADF1 is capable of efficient actin filament severing. Furthermore, this severing occurs despite PfADF1's low binding affinity for filaments. Comparative structural analysis along with biochemical and microscopy evidence establishes that severing is reliant on the availability of an exposed basic residue in the filament-binding loop, a conserved minimal requirement that defines AC-mediated filament disassembly across eukaryotic cells.
Publisher: NATL ACAD SCIENCES
Keywords: APICOMPLEXAN PARASITES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GLIDING MOTILITY; YEAST COFILIN; IN-VIVO; F-ACTIN; INVASION; CYTOSKELETON; ADF/COFILIN; TURNOVER
Research Division(s): Infection And Immunity; Structural Biology
Link To PubMed Central Version: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116436/
Publisher's Version: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1018927108

Creation Date: 2011-06-14 12:00:00

Last Modified: 2015-02-05 09:05:02