The molecular regulation of Janus kinase (JAK) activation
Details
Publication Year 2014-08-15,Volume 462,Issue #1,Page 1-13
Journal Title
Biochem J
Publication Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The JAK (Janus kinase) family members serve essential roles as the intracellular signalling effectors of cytokine receptors. This family, comprising JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2), was first described more than 20 years ago, but the complexities underlying their activation, regulation and pleiotropic signalling functions are still being explored. Here, we review the current knowledge of their physiological functions and the causative role of activating and inactivating JAK mutations in human diseases, including haemopoietic malignancies, immunodeficiency and inflammatory diseases. At the molecular level, recent studies have greatly advanced our knowledge of the structures and organization of the component FERM (4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin)-SH2 (Src homology 2), pseudokinase and kinase domains within the JAKs, the mechanism of JAK activation and, in particular, the role of the pseudokinase domain as a suppressor of the adjacent tyrosine kinase domain's catalytic activity. We also review recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of negative regulation exerted by the SH2 domain-containing proteins, SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signalling) proteins and LNK. These recent studies highlight the diversity of regulatory mechanisms utilized by the JAK family to maintain signalling fidelity, and suggest alternative therapeutic strategies to complement existing ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors.
Publisher
Biochemical Society
Keywords
cytokine receptor, kinase, Janus kinase (JAK), pseudokinase
Research Division(s)
Structural Biology; Chemical Biology; Cell Signalling And Cell Death; Cancer And Haematology
NHMRC Grants
NHMRC/1011804
Terms of Use/Rights Notice
Refer to copyright notice on published article.


Creation Date: 2014-10-28 11:12:27
Last Modified: 2016-05-05 03:27:01
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