Antigen-Based Vaccination and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes
Details
Publication Year 2013-10,Volume 13,Issue #5,Page 616-623
Journal Title
CURRENT DIABETES REPORTS
Publication Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Insulin-dependent or type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a paradigm for prevention of autoimmune disease: Pancreatic beta-cell autoantigens are defined, at-risk individuals can be identified before the onset of symptoms, and autoimmune diabetes is preventable in rodent models. Intervention in asymptomatic individuals before or after the onset of subclinical islet autoimmunity places a premium on safety, a requirement met only by lifestyle-dietary approaches or autoantigen-based vaccination to induce protective immune tolerance. Insulin is the key driver of autoimmune beta-cell destruction in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D and is an early autoimmune target in children at risk for T1D. In the NOD mouse, mucosal administration of insulin induces regulatory T cells that protect against diabetes. The promise of autoantigen-specific vaccination in humans has yet to be realized, but recent trials of oral and nasal insulin vaccination in at-risk humans provide grounds for cautious optimism.
Publisher
CURRENT MEDICINE GROUP
Keywords
GLUTAMIC-ACID DECARBOXYLASE; REGULATORY T-CELLS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INTENSIVE INSULIN-TREATMENT; NOD MICE; ORAL INSULIN; DOUBLE-BLIND; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; NATURAL-HISTORY
Research Division(s)
Molecular Medicine
Link To PubMed Central Version
http://rd.springer.com/
Terms of Use/Rights Notice
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Creation Date: 2013-10-01 12:00:00
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