Control of IBMIR in neonatal porcine islet xenotransplantation in baboons

Hawthorne, WJ; Salvaris, EJ; Phillips, P; Hawkes, J; Liuwantara, D; Burns, H; Barlow, H; Stewart, AB; Peirce, SB; Hu, M; Lew, AM; Robson, SC; Nottle, MB; D&#39;Apice, AJ; O&#39;Connell, PJ; Cowan, PJ

Author(s): Hawthorne, WJ; Salvaris, EJ; Phillips, P; Hawkes, J; Liuwantara, D; Burns, H; Barlow, H; Stewart, AB; Peirce, SB; Hu, M; Lew, AM; Robson, SC; Nottle, MB; D'Apice, AJ; O'Connell, PJ; Cowan, PJ;
Details: Publication Year 2014-06,Volume 14,Issue #6,Page 1300-9
Journal Title: Am J Transplant
Publication Type: Journal Article
Abstract: The instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) is a major obstacle to the engraftment of intraportal pig islet xenografts in primates. Higher expression of the galactose-alpha1,3-galactose (alphaGal) xenoantigen on neonatal islet cell clusters (NICC) than on adult pig islets may provoke a stronger reaction, but this has not been tested in the baboon model. Here, we report that WT pig NICC xenografts triggered profound IBMIR in baboons, with intravascular clotting and graft destruction occurring within hours, which was not prevented by anti-thrombin treatment. In contrast, IBMIR was minimal when recipients were immunosuppressed with a clinically relevant protocol and transplanted with NICC from alphaGal-deficient pigs transgenic for the human complement regulators CD55 and CD59. These genetically modified (GM) NICC were less susceptible to humoral injury in vitro than WT NICC, inducing significantly less complement activation and thrombin generation when incubated with baboon platelet-poor plasma. Recipients of GM NICC developed a variable anti-pig antibody response, and examination of the grafts 1 month after transplant revealed significant cell-mediated rejection, although scattered insulin-positive cells were still present. Our results indicate that IBMIR can be attenuated in this model, but long-term graft survival may require more effective immunosuppression or further donor genetic modification.
Publisher: Wiley
Keywords: Hyperacute rejection; instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction; neonatal islet cell clusters; thrombosis; type 1 diabetes; xenotransplantation
Research Division(s): Immunology
Publisher's Version: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.12722
Open Access at Publisher's Site: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajt.12722/full
Terms of Use/Rights Notice: © 2014 The Authors. American Journal of Transplantation published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society of Transplant Surgeons This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Creation Date: 2014-07-09 09:33:57