SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 mutations in colorectal cancer
- Author(s)
- Fleming, NI; Jorissen, RN; Mouradov, D; Christie, M; Sakthianandeswaren, A; Palmieri, M; Day, F; Li, S; Tsui, C; Lipton, L; Desai, J; Jones, IT; McLaughlin, S; Ward, RL; Hawkins, NJ; Ruszkiewicz, AR; Moore, J; Zhu, HJ; Mariadason, JM; Burgess, AW; Busam, D; Zhao, Q; Strausberg, RL; Gibbs, P; Sieber, OM;
- Details
- Publication Year 2013-01-15,Volume 73,Issue #2,Page 725-35
- Journal Title
- Cancer Research
- Publication Type
- Journal Article
- Abstract
- Activation of the canonical TGF-beta signaling pathway provides growth inhibitory signals in the normal intestinal epithelium. Colorectal cancers (CRCs) frequently harbor somatic mutations in the pathway members TGFBR2 and SMAD4, but to what extent mutations in SMAD2 or SMAD3 contribute to tumorigenesis is unclear. A cohort of 744 primary CRCs and 36 CRC cell lines were sequenced for SMAD4, SMAD2, and SMAD3 and analyzed for allelic loss by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis. Mutation spectra were compared between the genes, the pathogenicity of mutations was assessed, and relationships with clinicopathologic features were examined. The prevalence of SMAD4, SMAD2, and SMAD3 mutations in sporadic CRCs was 8.6% (64 of 744), 3.4% (25 of 744), and 4.3% (32 of 744), respectively. A significant overrepresentation of two genetic hits was detected for SMAD4 and SMAD3, consistent with these genes acting as tumor suppressors. SMAD4 mutations were associated with mucinous histology. The mutation spectra of SMAD2 and SMAD3 were highly similar to that of SMAD4, both in mutation type and location within the encoded proteins. In silico analyses suggested the majority of the mutations were pathogenic, with most missense changes predicted to reduce protein stability or hinder SMAD complex formation. The latter altered interface residues or disrupted the phosphorylation-regulated Ser-Ser-X-Ser motifs within SMAD2 and SMAD3. Functional analyses of selected mutations showed reductions in SMAD3 transcriptional activity and SMAD2-SMAD4 complex formation. Joint biallelic hits in SMAD2 and SMAD3 were overrepresented and mutually exclusive to SMAD4 mutation, underlining the critical roles of these three proteins within the TGF-beta signaling pathway.
- Publisher
- American Association for Cancer Research
- Keywords
- Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cell Line, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism; Female; Humans; Loss of Heterozygosity; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Smad2 Protein/*genetics; Smad3 Protein/*genetics; Smad4 Protein/genetics; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Research Division(s)
- Structural Biology
- Publisher's Version
- https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2706
- Terms of Use/Rights Notice
- ©2012 American Association for Cancer Research.
Creation Date: 2014-02-27 01:08:05