Associations between diet, the gut microbiome and short chain fatty acids in youth with islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes
- Author(s)
- Harbison, JE; Thomson, RL; Wentworth, JM; Louise, J; Roth-Schulze, A; Battersby, RJ; Ngui, KM; Penno, MAS; Colman, PG; Craig, ME; Barry, SC; Tran, CD; Makrides, M; Harrison, LC; Couper, JJ;
- Journal Title
- Pediatric Diabetes
- Publication Type
- epub ahead of print
- Abstract
- AIM: We aimed to characterise associations between diet and the gut microbiome and short chain fatty acid products in youth with islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes (IA/T1D) in comparison with controls. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: 80 participants (25 diagnosed with T1D, 17 with confirmed IA, 38 sibling or unrelated controls) from the Australian Type 1 Diabetes Gut Study cohort were studied [median (IQR) age 11.7 (8.9,14.0) years, 43% female]. A Food Frequency Questionnaire characterised daily macronutrient intake over the preceding 6 months. Plasma and fecal short chain fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography; gut microbiome composition and diversity by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS: A 10g increase in daily carbohydrate intake associated with higher plasma acetate in IA/T1D [adjusted estimate +5.2 (95% CI 1.1, 9.2) μmol/L p=0.01] and controls [adjusted estimate +4.1 (95% CI 1.7, 8.5) μmol/L p=0.04]. A 5g increase in total fat intake associated with lower plasma acetate in IA/T1D and controls. A five percent increase in non-core (junk) food intake associated with reduced richness [adjusted estimate -4.09 (95%CI -7.83, -0.35) p=0.03] and evenness [-1.25 (95% CI -2.00, -0.49) p<0.01] of the gut microbiome in IA/T1D. Fiber intake associated with community structure of the microbiome in IA/T1D. CONCLUSIONS: Modest increments in carbohydrate and fat intake associated with plasma acetate in all youth. Increased junk food intake associated with reduced diversity of the gut microbiome in IA/T1D alone. These associations with the gut microbiome in IA/T1D support future efforts to promote short chain fatty acids by using dietary interventions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Research Division(s)
- Population Health And Immunity
- PubMed ID
- 33470492
- Publisher's Version
- https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13178
- Terms of Use/Rights Notice
- Refer to copyright notice on published article.
Creation Date: 2021-03-09 08:05:51
Last Modified: 2021-03-09 08:45:17