Associations between diet, the gut microbiome and short chain fatty acids in youth with islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes
Journal Title
Pediatric Diabetes
Publication Type
epub ahead of print
Abstract
AIM: We aimed to characterise associations between diet and the gut microbiome and short chain fatty acid products in youth with islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes (IA/T1D) in comparison with controls. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: 80 participants (25 diagnosed with T1D, 17 with confirmed IA, 38 sibling or unrelated controls) from the Australian Type 1 Diabetes Gut Study cohort were studied [median (IQR) age 11.7 (8.9,14.0) years, 43% female]. A Food Frequency Questionnaire characterised daily macronutrient intake over the preceding 6 months. Plasma and fecal short chain fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography; gut microbiome composition and diversity by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS: A 10g increase in daily carbohydrate intake associated with higher plasma acetate in IA/T1D [adjusted estimate +5.2 (95% CI 1.1, 9.2) μmol/L p=0.01] and controls [adjusted estimate +4.1 (95% CI 1.7, 8.5) μmol/L p=0.04]. A 5g increase in total fat intake associated with lower plasma acetate in IA/T1D and controls. A five percent increase in non-core (junk) food intake associated with reduced richness [adjusted estimate -4.09 (95%CI -7.83, -0.35) p=0.03] and evenness [-1.25 (95% CI -2.00, -0.49) p<0.01] of the gut microbiome in IA/T1D. Fiber intake associated with community structure of the microbiome in IA/T1D. CONCLUSIONS: Modest increments in carbohydrate and fat intake associated with plasma acetate in all youth. Increased junk food intake associated with reduced diversity of the gut microbiome in IA/T1D alone. These associations with the gut microbiome in IA/T1D support future efforts to promote short chain fatty acids by using dietary interventions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Publisher
Wiley
Research Division(s)
Population Health And Immunity
PubMed ID
33470492
Terms of Use/Rights Notice
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Creation Date: 2021-03-09 08:05:51
Last Modified: 2021-03-09 08:45:17
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