Vitamin D supplementation does not influence SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy or immunogenicity: Sub-studies nested within the CORONAVIT randomised controlled trial

Jolliffe, DA; Vivaldi, G; Chambers, ES; Cai, W; Li, W; Faustini, SE; Gibbons, JM; Pade, C; Coussens, AK; Richter, AG; McKnight, &#193;; Martineau, AR

Author(s): Jolliffe, DA; Vivaldi, G; Chambers, ES; Cai, W; Li, W; Faustini, SE; Gibbons, JM; Pade, C; Coussens, AK; Richter, AG; McKnight, Á; Martineau, AR;
Details: Publication Year 2022-09-16,Volume 14,Issue #18,Page 3821
Journal Title: Nutrients
Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to associate with the impaired development of antigen-specific responses following vaccination. We aimed to determine whether vitamin D supplements might boost the immunogenicity and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination by conducting three sub-studies nested within the CORONAVIT randomised controlled trial, which investigated the effects of offering vitamin D supplements at a dose of 800 IU/day or 3200 IU/day vs. no offer on risk of acute respiratory infections in UK adults with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations <75 nmol/L. Sub-study 1 (n = 2808) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection following two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Sub-study 2 (n = 1853) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on titres of combined IgG, IgA and IgM (IgGAM) anti-Spike antibodies in eluates of dried blood spots collected after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Sub-study 3 (n = 100) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on neutralising antibody and cellular responses in venous blood samples collected after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In total, 1945/2808 (69.3%) sub-study 1 participants received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca); the remainder received two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer). Mean follow-up 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly elevated in the 800 IU/day vs. no-offer group (82.5 vs. 53.6 nmol/L; mean difference 28.8 nmol/L, 95% CI 22.8-34.8) and in the 3200 IU/day vs. no offer group (105.4 vs. 53.6 nmol/L; mean difference 51.7 nmol/L, 45.1-58.4). Vitamin D supplementation did not influence the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated participants (800 IU/day vs. no offer: adjusted hazard ratio 1.28, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.84; 3200 IU/day vs. no offer: 1.17, 0.81 to 1.70). Neither did it influence IgGAM anti-Spike titres, neutralising antibody titres or IFN-γ concentrations in the supernatants of S peptide-stimulated whole blood. In conclusion, vitamin D replacement at a dose of 800 or 3200 IU/day effectively elevated 25(OH)D concentrations, but it did not influence the protective efficacy or immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination when given to adults who had a sub-optimal vitamin D status at baseline.
Publisher: MDPI
Keywords: BNT162b2 Pfizer; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Oxford–AstraZeneca; antibody; breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection; interferon gamma; randomised controlled trial; vitamin D
Research Division(s): Infectious Diseases And Immune Defence
PubMed ID: 36145196
Publisher's Version: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183821
Open Access at Publisher's Site: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183821
Terms of Use/Rights Notice: Refer to copyright notice on published article.

Creation Date: 2022-09-30 12:15:21

Last Modified: 2022-10-05 02:28:45