Effects of tuberculosis and/or HIV-1 infection on COVID-19 presentation and immune response in Africa

du Bruyn, E; Stek, C; Daroowala, R; Said-Hartley, Q; Hsiao, M; Schafer, G; Goliath, RT; Abrahams, F; Jackson, A; Wasserman, S; Allwood, BW; Davis, AG; Lai, RP; Coussens, AK; Wilkinson, KA; de Vries, J; Tiffin, N; Cerrone, M; Ntusi, NAB; Riou, C; Wilkinson, RJ

Author(s): du Bruyn, E; Stek, C; Daroowala, R; Said-Hartley, Q; Hsiao, M; Schafer, G; Goliath, RT; Abrahams, F; Jackson, A; Wasserman, S; Allwood, BW; Davis, AG; Lai, RP; Coussens, AK; Wilkinson, KA; de Vries, J; Tiffin, N; Cerrone, M; Ntusi, NAB; Riou, C; Wilkinson, RJ;
Details: Publication Year 2023-01-12,Volume 14,Issue #1,Page 188
Journal Title: Nature Communications
Abstract: Few studies from Africa have described the clinical impact of co-infections on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we investigate the presentation and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an African setting of high HIV-1 and tuberculosis prevalence by an observational case cohort of SARS-CoV-2 patients. A comparator group of non SARS-CoV-2 participants is included. The study includes 104 adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection of whom 29.8% are HIV-1 co-infected. Two or more co-morbidities are present in 57.7% of participants, including HIV-1 (30%) and active tuberculosis (14%). Amongst patients dually infected by tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2, clinical features can be typical of either SARS-CoV-2 or tuberculosis: lymphopenia is exacerbated, and some markers of inflammation (D-dimer and ferritin) are further elevated (p < 0.05). Amongst HIV-1 co-infected participants those with low CD4 percentage strata exhibit reduced total, but not neutralising, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8 T cell responses are present in 35.8% participants overall but undetectable in combined HIV-1 and tuberculosis. Death occurred in 30/104 (29%) of all COVID-19 patients and in 6/15 (40%) of patients with coincident SARS-CoV-2 and tuberculosis. This shows that in a high incidence setting, tuberculosis is a common co-morbidity in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is adversely affected by co-existent HIV-1 and tuberculosis.
Publisher: NPG
Research Division(s): Infectious Diseases And Immune Defence
PubMed ID: 36635274
Publisher's Version: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35689-1
Open Access at Publisher's Site: https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41467-022-35689-1
Terms of Use/Rights Notice: Refer to copyright notice on published article.

Creation Date: 2023-02-27 10:34:06

Last Modified: 2023-03-06 01:20:36