Characteristics of emerging new autoimmune diseases after COVID-19 vaccination: A sub-study by the COVAD group

Shumnalieva, R; Ravichandran, N; Hannah, J; Javaid, M; Darooka, N; Roy, D; Gonzalez, DE; Velikova, T; Milchert, M; Kuwana, M; Joshi, M; Gracia-Ramos, AE; Boyd, P; Yaadav, P; Cheng, K; Kobert, L; Cavagna, L; Sen, P; Day, J; Makol, A; Guti&#233;rrez, CET; Caballero-Uribe, CV; Saha, S; Parodis, I; Dey, D; Nikiphorou, E; Distler, O; Kadam, E; Tan, AL; Shinjo, SK; Ziade, N; Knitza, J; Chinoy, H; Aggarwal, R; Agarwal, V; Gupta, L

Author(s): Shumnalieva, R; Ravichandran, N; Hannah, J; Javaid, M; Darooka, N; Roy, D; Gonzalez, DE; Velikova, T; Milchert, M; Kuwana, M; Joshi, M; Gracia-Ramos, AE; Boyd, P; Yaadav, P; Cheng, K; Kobert, L; Cavagna, L; Sen, P; Day, J; Makol, A; Gutiérrez, CET; Caballero-Uribe, CV; Saha, S; Parodis, I; Dey, D; Nikiphorou, E; Distler, O; Kadam, E; Tan, AL; Shinjo, SK; Ziade, N; Knitza, J; Chinoy, H; Aggarwal, R; Agarwal, V; Gupta, L;
Details: Publication Year 2024-05,Volume 27,Issue #5,Page e15178
Journal Title: International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the overall safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations, rare cases of systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) have been reported post-vaccination. This study used a global survey to analyze SAIDs in susceptible individuals' post-vaccination. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among participants with self-reported new-onset SAIDs using the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) 2 study dataset-a validated, patient-reported e-survey-to analyze the long-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Baseline characteristics of patients with new-onset SAIDs and vaccinated healthy controls (HCs) were compared after propensity score matching based on age and sex in a 1:4 ratio. RESULTS: Of 16 750 individuals, 74 (median age 52 years, 79.9% females, and 76.7% Caucasians) had new-onset SAID post-vaccination, mainly idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) (n = 23, 31.51%), arthritis (n = 15; 20.53%), and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) (n = 12, 16.40%). Higher odds of new-onset SAIDs were noted among Caucasians (OR = 5.3; 95% CI = 2.9-9.7; p < .001) and Moderna vaccine recipients (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3-5.3; p = .004). New-onset SAIDs were associated with AID multimorbidity (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1-1.7; p < .001), mental health disorders (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.3-1.9; p < .001), and mixed race (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.2-4.2; p = .010), where those aged >60 years (OR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4-0.8; p = .007) and from high/medium human development index (HDI) countries (compared to very high HDI) reported fewer events than HCs. CONCLUSION: This study reports a low occurrence of new-onset SAIDs following COVID-19 vaccination, primarily IIMs, PMR, and inflammatory arthritis. Identified risk factors included pre-existing AID multimorbidity, mental health diseases, and mixed race. Revaccination was well tolerated by most patients; therefore, we recommend continuing COVID-19 vaccination in the general population. However, long-term studies are needed to understand the autoimmune phenomena arising post-vaccination.
Publisher: Wiley
Keywords: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects; *Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis; Cross-Sectional Studies; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology; Aged; Adult; Vaccination/adverse effects; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2/immunology; Covid‐19; SAIDs; autoimmune diseases; idiopathic inflammatory myopathies; vaccination
Research Division(s): Inflammation
PubMed ID: 38742751
Publisher's Version: https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185x.15178
Open Access at Publisher's Site: https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.15178
Terms of Use/Rights Notice: Refer to copyright notice on published article.

Creation Date: 2024-05-20 07:53:42

Last Modified: 2024-05-20 10:15:07